2010年11月湖南成人学位英语考试真题及答案（阅读理解）

以下“2010年11月湖南成人学位英语考试真题及答案（阅读理解）”由自考生网整理。更多真题可查看“学位英语考试真题”栏目。

2010年11月湖南成人学位英语考试真题及答案（阅读理解）

阅读理解题：

PART II Reading Comprehension (40 points )

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or

unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

Passage one

Just as Mrs. Waldman hands out the spelling test, you see Jeff pull out a small piece of paper with a lot of words on it. Jeff hides the note into his closed fist but soon takes it out again. While he’s taking the test, you see him looking back and forth between the teacher and his paper. There’s no mistaking it---he’s cheating.

Cheating is when a person misleads, deceives, or acts dishonestly on purpose. For kids, cheating may happen at school, at home, or while playing a sport. If a baseball team is for kids who are 8 or younger, it’s cheating for a 9-year-old to play on the team.

At school, in addition to cheating on a test, a kid might cheat by stealing someone else’s idea for a science project or by copying a book report off the internet and turning it in as if it’s his or her original work.

One is inclined to cheat because it makes difficult things seem easy, like getting all the right answers on the test. But it doesn’t solve the problem of not knowing the material and it won’t help on the next test---unless the person cheats again.

Sometimes it may seem like cheaters have it all figured out. They can watch TV instead of studying for the spelling test. But other people lose respect for cheaters and think less of them. The cheaters themselves may feel bad because they know they are not really earning that good grade. And, if they get caught cheating, they will be in trouble at school, and maybe at home, too.

Some kids cheat because they’re busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without spending the time studying. Other kids might feel like they can’t pass the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a “good reason” for cheating, cheating isn’t a good idea.

16. Why did Jeff look at the teacher from time to time while taking the test?

A. He was afraid that the teacher might find out what he was doing.

B. He had a question for the teacher but was afraid to ask.

C. He wanted to get the teacher’s attention.

D. He wanted to hand in his paper as he was done with it.

17. According to the author, cheating__________ .

A. occurs mainly in test-related settings

B. can take on various forms and happen anywhere

C. usually happens when one is doing a science project

D. happens when we don’t know the answer to a question

18. What can’t cheating help to do?

A. To pass examinations.

B. To get a satisfactory score.

C. To make difficult things easy.

D. To really get the knowledge.

19. Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to “cheaters have it all figured out” (Para.5)?

A. Cheaters know they won’t be caught.

B. Cheaters make a plan in advance.

C. Cheaters can reach a balance between work and play.

D. Cheaters clearly know the consequences of cheating.

20. The main purpose of the passage is to__________ .

A. inform readers why people cheat

B. predict possible consequences of cheating

C. persuade students to quit cheating

D. discuss different occasions when people cheat

Passage Two

Experts say over half of the world’s seven thousand languages are in danger of disappearing. Every two weeks one language disappears.

Sometimes a language disappears immediately when the last person speaking it dies. Or, a local language might disappear more slowly. This happens when an official language is used more often and children stop learning the local language of their parents. Official languages often represent a form of control over a group of people.

Throughout history, the language spoken by a powerful group spreads across a civilization. The more powerful culture rarely respects the language and culture of smaller groups. Smaller cultures lose their local language as the language of the culture in power has a stronger influence.

Experts say protecting languages is very important for many reasons. Languages contain the histories, ideas and knowledge of a culture. Languages also contain valuable information about local medicines, plants and animals.

Many endangered languages are spoken by native cultures in close contact with the natural world. Their ancient languages contain a great deal of information about environmental systems and species of plants and animals that are unknown to scientists. As the last speakers of a language die off, the valuable information carried within a language also disappears. Language is, in many ways, a window to the mind and the world.

Any hope for protecting languages can be found in children and their willingness to learn. It is these young people who can keep this form of culture alive for future generations.

21. Which of the following is true?

A. No one can prevent languages from disappearing.

B. There will not be any local languages left some day.

C. There have existed 7,000 languages in history.

D. Half of the world’s languages will possibly disappear.

22. An official language is a language that__________ .

A. is highly advanced

B. has a stronger influence

C. competes with a local language

D. has a longer history

23. Language is a window to the mind and the world because__________ .

A. it contains information about both culture and nature.

B. it represents the working of the human minds

C. local languages are more closely related to culture

D. ancient languages can reveal ancient people’s thoughts

24. According to the passage, a language will be better protected when__________ .

A. it is linked to a powerful culture

B. people are forced to speak it

C. it keeps pace with the times

D. children are interested in learning it

25. The passage mainly discusses__________ .

A. language and culture

B. the power of language

C. language protection

D. local languages

Passage Three

There’s a professor at the University of Toronto in Canada who has come up with a term to describe the way a lot of us North Americans interact these years. And now a big research study confirms it.

Barry Wellman’s term is “networked individualism.” It’s not the easiest concept to grasp. In fact, the words seem to contradict each other. How can we be individualistic and networked at the same time? You need other people for networks.

Here’s what he means. Until the Internet and e-mail came along, our social networks involved flesh-and-blood relatives, friends, neighbors, and colleagues at work. Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.

But the latest study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project confirms that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced a great deal of social interchange. A lot of folks Pew talked with say that’s a good thing, because of concerns that the Internet was turning us into hermits(隐居者) who shut out other people in favor of a make-believe world on computer screens.

To the contrary, the Pew study discovered. The Internet has put us in touch with many MORE real people than we’d have ever imagined. Helpful people, too. We’re turning to an ever-growing list of cyber friends for advice on careers, medical crises, child-rearing, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important or crucial role in helping them deal with major life decisions.

So we networked individuals are pretty tricky: we’re keeping more to ourselves, while at the same time reaching out to more people, all with just the click of a computer mouse!

26. The Pew study was conducted in__________ .

A. Latin America

B. Canada

C. the United States

D. Europe

27. In this passage, the network refers to a lot of connected__________ .

A. friends

B. people

C. computers

D. roads

28. Before the invention of the Internet, our connections with people took place mainly__________ .

A. in person

B. by phone

C. by letter

D. by e-mail

29. Which of the following has happened since the invention of the Internet?

A. People talk on the phone more than ever.

B. Much personal interaction has given way to computer interaction.

C. Americans are getting more isolated.

D. Americans have become more dependent on computers.

30. According to the Pew study, the role played by the Internet in human interaction is__________.

A. neutral

B. negative

C. unclear

D. positive

Passage Four

President Obama has signed legislation to make the biggest changes in the health care system in forty-five years. Many parts of the plan will fully take effect in four years. But some take effect quickly. For example, in six months the new law will ban insurance companies from denying coverage to children with pre-existing health conditions. Adults with pre-existing conditions will be added in four years.

The government will help millions of people pay for insurance. It will also permit millions more to receive free coverage through the Medicaid program for the poor. In all, the plan aims to make health insurance available to 32 million people now without it. Illegal immigrants will not be able to take part.

An estimated 83% of people under 65 who are in the US legally now have insurance coverage. The plan is expected to raise that to 95% within several years. People over 65 are covered by the Medicaid insurance program which the government created in 1965.

For the first time, Americans will be required to have health insurance or face a yearly fine starting in four years. The law will also require companies with more than 50 employees to offer coverage. If not, they could face a fine of $2,000 a year for every worker.

Also, this year the law will start closing what is known as “the doughnut hole”. That is a lack of Medicaid coverage for some drug costs for older Americans. President Obama promised senior citizens that the reforms will not cut their guaranteed benefits.

The changes are expected to cost about $940 billion over ten years, but also help reduce the federal budget deficit.

31. According to the new health care plan, which of the following will be added first into insurance programs?

A. Employees of small companies.

B. Adults with pre-existing health conditions.

C. Poor people now without health insurance.

D. Children with pre-existing health conditions.

32. It can be inferred from the passage that the new Medicaid program for the poor will__________ .

A. provide free health insurance for 32 million people

B. provide free health insurance for all poor people

C. be also applied to legal immigrants

D. cover 83% of the people under 65

33. It seems that at present, large companies that do not offer health insurance coverage to their employees__________ .

A. face heavy fines

B. do not receive punishments

C. are required to do so

D. do not benefit from doing so

34. The “doughnut hole” implies that__________ are not covered by the existing Medicaid program.

A. some drug costs for older Americans

B. senior citizens over 65

C. illegal immigrants

D. expensed for hospital stay

35. Generally speaking, President Obama’s health insurance reform will .

A. bring heavy financial burdens to the country

B. pose heavy financial burdens to the poor

C. benefit both the people and the country

D. be welcomed by the poor but opposed by companies.

阅读理解参考答案：

PartⅡ. Reading Comprehension (40points)

Passage 1

16. A 细节推断题。根据“There’s no mistaking it---he’s cheating.”和“you see him looking back and forth between the teacher and his paper”，我们可以推断出Jeff害怕（afraid）被老师发现其作弊。

17. A 细节分析题。B选项当中的“anywhere”，C选项当中的“usually”，以及D选项当中的“happens when we don’t know the answer to a question”均未在文章中出现。从“At school, in addition to cheating on a test,”可以得出“mainly in test-related settings”的分析结果。

18. D 细节推断题。文章第四段第二句“But it doesn’t solve the problem of not knowing the material…”与“can’t help to really get the knowledge”意义对应，由此可知答案为D项。

19. D 单词释义题。“have it all figured out”意为“弄明白什么事情；把事情搞清楚了”，这与D选项当中的“clearly know the consequences of cheating”意义对应。因此D选项为正确答案。

20. C 文章主旨题。文章最后一句话“Even when there seems to be a “good reason” for cheating, cheating isn’t a good idea.”表明了文章的主旨——“quit cheating”。

参考译文：

正当沃德曼太太分发拼写试卷时，你看见杰夫拿出一张上面写满密密麻麻词语的小纸片。杰夫把它藏在自己紧握的拳头中，但是很快又把它拿了出来。当他正在进行考试时，你看见他的目光来来***地在老师与试卷间徘徊。错不了——他在作弊。

当一个人出现故意误导、欺骗或不诚实行为时，这就是作弊。对于孩子来说，舞弊可能发生在学校，家庭或进行一场运动比赛时。如果一支棒球队只能由8岁或更小的孩子组成的话，那么9岁孩子参与其中便是一种作弊。

在学校，除了试卷上的作弊，小孩子也可能通过盗取他人在科学项目上的思想或通过网络抄袭读书报告，并把它作为是自己的原创作品提交上去而作弊。

一个人倾向于作弊是因为作弊似乎让复杂的事情看起来简单了，就像能够获得试卷上的正确答案一样。但是作弊并不能帮你解决你所不知道的问题，而且它对下一次考试也无益——除非这个人继续作弊。

有时候作弊者似乎是一切都明白。他们可能看电视而不去为了拼写测试学习。但是其他人却对这些作弊者失去了尊重，并且看不起他们。作弊者自己也许会因为他们自己参了水分的成绩而感觉糟糕。而且，如果他们作弊被抓，他们在学校将陷入麻烦之中，可能在家里也难逃麻烦。

一些孩子作弊是因为他们很忙或者很懒，不想花时间学习就想得到好成绩。其他一些孩子认为自己如果不作弊的话就无法通过考试。即使当每一次作弊都看上去理由充分时，但作弊不是个好主意。

Passage 2

21. D 细节分析题。A选项当中的“No one”和B选项当中的“not be any”都是非常绝对的答案，文中没有提及。C选项当中的“7,000 languages in history”属于过度概括，文中也没有提及。D选项当中的“will possibly disappear”是对文章第一段第一句的正确解读。

22. B 细节分析题。根据文章第二段第二句当中所提及的official language “is used more often” and “often represent a form of control over a group of people.”，我们可以得出official language has a stronger influence。选项ACD均未在文中提及。

23. A 细节分析题。第四段第二、三句“Languages contain the histories, ideas and knowledge of a culture. Languages also contain valuable information about local medicines, plants and animals.”中包含了“culture and nature”的信息，由此可分析出A选项为正确答案。BCD当中的“the working of the human minds”，“more closely”和“reveal ancient people’s thoughts”文中均未提及。

24. D 细节分析题。由文中最后一段第一句“Any hope for protecting languages can be found in children and their willingness to learn. 可推断选项D正确，其余各项文中均未提及。

25. C 文章主旨题。文章第四段第一句“Experts say protecting languages is very important for many reasons.”是主题句，而且文章最后一句提到“It is these young people who can keep this form of culture alive for future generations.”，而“this form of culture”指的就是“language”，由此可知C项正确。

参考译文：

专家说世界上的7000种语言，大约有超过一半以上的语言面临着消失的危险。每两个星期就有一种语言消失。

有时候当最后一个懂这门语言的人死了，这一种语言也就立即消失了。或者，一种当地的语言也许会更加缓慢地消失。当一种官方语言被更加广泛地使用，孩子们不再学习他们父母当地的语言，这种情况就会发生。官方语言往往代表着对一群人的一种控制。

纵观历史，一个强势群体所使用的语言会扩展到其文明。这种更具影响力的文化很少尊重那些弱小种族的语言和文化。当强势群体的语言起着更加强大影响力的时候，弱势群体便失去自己的地方语言。

专家们有充分理由来说明保护语言是十分重要的。语言包含着一种文化的历史、思想以及知识。语言也同样包含着一些关于当地医学、植物和动物的有价值的信息。

许多濒临灭绝的语言是被那些与自然世界紧密相连的当地文化所使用。他们古老的语言中蕴含着许许多多关于环境体系和科学家们未知动植物种类的信息。当这门语言最后的掌握者离去时，这一种语言中所携带的有价值的信息也就消失了。从众多角度来说，语言是心灵和世界的一扇窗。

保护语言的希望可以从孩子们身上以及他们学习语言的意愿当中找到。能够为我们将来的子孙后代保存这种文化形式的人正是这些年轻人。

Passage 3

26. C 细节推断题。由文章第四段第一句话“the Pew Internet and American Life Project”和第五段的最后一句“About 60 million Americans told Pew”可知C项正确。

27. B 细节推断题。文章第二段第二句提到“Until the Internet and e-mail came along, our social networks involved flesh-and-blood relatives, friends, neighbors, and colleagues at work.”，中间的“relatives, friends, neighbors, and colleagues at work”指的都是“people”，由此可知B项正确。

28. A 细节推断题。由文章第二段第三句“Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time.”中的“person to person”可知A项正确。

29. B 细节推断题。由文章第四段第一句“electronic interaction through the computer has replaced a great deal of social interchange.”可知B项正确。

30. A 文章主旨题。从文章最后一段“So we networked individuals are pretty tricky...”可以看出作者中立的观点，因此A项正确。

参考译文：

加拿大多伦多大学的一名教授提出了一个术语，这个术语描述了我们很多北美人近年来的互动方式。并且一项重大的研究调查证实了这一点。

巴利·威尔曼的术语是“网络个体主义 ”。这并不是个容易理解的概念。实际上，这两个字看上去自相矛盾。我们怎么可以同时做到个性化并且网络化？你需要其他人来组建你的网络。

这是他一直所认为的。在互联网和电子邮件的到来之前，我们的社交网络涉及有血有肉的亲戚、朋友、邻居以及共事的同事。其中一些交流是靠手机，但是仍然是实时的声音对声音，人与人之间的交流。

但是佩尤研究中心“网络与美国生活项目”的最新研究证实，对于大多数人来说，通过电脑的电子互动已经替代了一大部分的社会交流。互联网正在让我们成为拒绝其他人而支持电脑屏幕上的虚幻世界的隐居者，因为对此的关心，佩尤研究中心所调查的很多人认为这是件好事。

相反，佩尤研究中心的研究表明：互联网让我们接触到的人比我们真实想象到的要多得多，同时还很用帮助的人。为了寻求有关求职、医疗风险、小孩抚养和选择学校或大学的建议，我们正在不断扩大网络交际面。大约有6000万美国人通过佩尤研究中心认为互联网在帮助他们作出人生的重要抉择时起着一个至关重要的作用。

所以我们这些网络化的个人很是滑稽：我们自己不愿意与人交际，与此同时又去接触更多的人，我们所需要做的仅仅是点击一下鼠标。

Passage 4

31. B 细节推断题。文章第一段最后一句提到“Adults with pre-existing conditions will be added in four years.”（四年之内，有过往病史的成年人也将纳入投保范围），由此推断答案为B。

32. A 细节推断题。由文章第二段第三句“In all, the plan aims to make health insurance available to 32 million people now without it.”（总之，该计划目的在于为目前没有医疗保险的三千两百万美国人提供保险。）可知A项正确。

33. B 细节推断题。文章第四段第二、三句句提到“The law will also require companies with more than 50 employees to offer coverage. If not, they could face a fine of $2,000 a year for every worker.”（该法律还要求拥有超过50名雇员的公司参保。否则，他们将面临2,000美元每人每年的罚款。），这就意味着现在没有对应的惩罚。由此可知B项正确。

34. A 细节推断题。文中第五段第二句提到“That is a lack of Medicaid coverage for some drug costs for older Americans.”（这指的是医疗保障项目对美国老年人使用的某些药物费用缺少覆盖。），由此可知A项正确。

35. C 文章主旨题。从文章第二段第一句“The government will help millions of people pay for insurance.”和文章最后一句“...but also help reduce the federal budget deficit.”可知奥巴马的医疗改革将“benefit both the people and the country”。因此C项正确，其余各项文章均无提及。

参考译文：

奥巴马总统已经签署法律，对医保体系进行45年来最大的改革。这项计划的许多部分需要四年时间才能全面生效，但是其中一些措施将很快生效。例如，六个月之内，新的法律将禁止保险公司拒绝为存在过往病史（pre-existing conditions）的儿童投保。四年之内，有过往病史的成年人也将纳入投保范围。

政府将帮助数百万人支付保险费用，还将允许数百万人通过低收入人口医疗保障计划(Medicaid program)获得免费覆盖。总之，该计划目的在于为目前没有医疗保险的三千两百万美国人提供保险。但非法移民将不能参加。

现在，预计83%合法居住在美国的65岁以下的人口被保险覆盖，该计划期望在几年之内将医保覆盖面提升至95%。65岁以上人口由政府在1965年设立的医疗保障项目(Medicare)提供保险覆盖。

四年之内，美国民众将第一次被要求参加医疗保险，否则每年都将面临罚款。该法律还要求拥有超过50名雇员的公司参保。否则，他们将面临2,000美元每人每年的罚款。

今年，该法律还将关闭所谓的“甜甜圈洞”。这指的是医疗保障项目对美国老年人使用的某些药物费用缺少覆盖。奥巴马总统向年长市民承诺，医疗改革不会削减他们的保证利益。

这项长达10年的计划预计将耗资9400亿美元，但是同时帮助削减了联邦预算赤字。

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