2015.11北京学位英语考试真题答案(阅读理解)

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2015.11北京学位英语考试真题答案(阅读理解)

Jim Thorpe was a Native American. He was born in 1888 in an Indian Territory(印弟安人保护区)that is now Oklahoma. Like most Native American children then, he liked to fish, hunt, swim, and play games outdoors. (77) He was healthy and he had very little formal education. In 1950, Jim Thorpe was named the greatest American football player. He was also an Olympic gold medal winner. But Thorpe had many tragedies in his life.

Jim had a twin brother who died when he was nine years old. By the time he was 16, his mother and father were also dead. Jim then went to a special school in Pennsylvania for Native American children. There, he learned to read and write and also began to play sports. Jim was poor, so he left school for two years to earn some money. During this time, he played on a baseball team. (78) The team paid him $15 a week. Soon he returned to school to complete his education. Jim was a star athlete(运动员)in several sports, including baseball, running, and football. He won many awards for his athletic ability, mainly for football. In many games, he scored all or most of the points for his team.

In 1912, when Jim Thorpe was 24 years old, he became part of the U.S. Olympic team. He competed in two very difficult events: the pentathlon and the decathlon. Both require great ability and strength. The pentathlon has five track and field events, including the long jump and the 1,500-meter race. The decathlon has ten track and field events, with running, jumping, and throwing contests.

People thought it was impossible for an athlete to compete in both the pentathlon and the decathlon. So everyone was surprised when Thorpe won gold medals in both events. When the King of Sweden presented Thorpe with his two gold medals, he said, “Sir, you are the greatest athlete in the world” Thorpe was a simple and honest man. He just answered, "Thanks, King."

1. From the passage we learn that Jim Thorpe was born in ____.

A. India B. Pennsylvania C. Oklahoma D. Sweden

题干：从文章中，我们可以发现Jim Thorpe出生于哪里?

答案及解析：C。从第一段可以看出，他1888年出生于印第安人保护区，现在称为俄克拉荷马。选项A有一定的迷惑性，A项是印度，而不是印第安人保护区。

2. According to the passage, most American Indian children loved all the following EXCEPT ____.

A. fishing B. hunting C. swimming D. singing

题干：根据文章，大部分美国印第安儿童除了下列哪一项都喜欢?

答案及解析：D 从第一段第三句"Like most Native American children then, he liked to fish, hunt, swim, and play games outdoors."“像大部分当时的美国本土儿童一样，他喜欢钓鱼、打猎、游泳和在户外玩游戏。”可以看出，只要D项“唱歌”没有提到。

3. Jim Thorpe started to play sports ____.

A. before he was nine years old B. when he was 16 years old

C. when he was 24 years old D. before his parents passed away

题干：Jim Thorpe 在什么时候开始进行体育运动。

答案及解析：B 从第二段可以看出。吉姆在16岁时父母去世，他去了特殊学校，然后在那里开始运动。由此看见，答案为B。

4. The word decathlon in Paragraph 3 probably means ____.

A. jumping B. five track and field events

C. throwing D. ten track and field events

题干：第三段"decathlon"意思可能是。

答案及解析：D "The decathlon has ten track and field events, with running, jumping, and throwing contests."在该段最后可以看到对该词的解释，它包含十项田径运动，包含跑步，跳远等。由此可以得出答案为D。

5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

A. In 1912, Thorpe went back to finish his college education.

B. Thorpe won two gold medals in the 1912 Olympic Games.

C. Thorpe once played on a baseball team for money.

D. In 1950, Thorpe was named the greatest American football player.

题干：以下哪项不正确?

答案及解析：A 选项中BCD都可以找到对应答案，只有A项的表述有问题，1912年，吉姆参加了奥林匹克运动队，而不是回到学校完成学业。

It can be really frustrating(使人沮丧的)for an overweight person to go to a gym and work out with a positive attitude. All one has to do is walk by almost any nice gym and notice all the healthy, sweating, "skinny" members. Sometimes they stare at those of us who are, well, zaftig. It is easy to see the judgment behind their eyes. Who wants to put up with that?

Many people are self-conscious of their bodies and feel isolated when joining workout classes of while exercising, especially if they are larger than most of the others in the group. Now the fitness industry is finally paying attention. Popular gyms are catering(迎合)to overweight and weight conscious customers by dedicating areas where the "skinny" people are not allowed.

There are even gyms or programs that require members to be at least 50 pounds overweight to participate.

Trainers recommend functional fitness as a practical goal, rather than six-pack abs(六块腹肌). (78)They often use text messages to stay in touch with customers.

Often at these specialized gyms, the trainers are overweight themselves, or working on their own weight goals, and this can help those people with anxiety caused by poor body image. The equipment has been designed for use by larger people. Wider seats, more cushioning, no mirrors ,and tinted(有色的)windows for privacy, are all important changes.

(79) Hopefully these types of gyms will successfully grow in numbers in the future. The idea is a very simple and potentially popular one. If it helps those of us who are bigger exercise more and improve our fitness level, it's a step in the right direction.

6. The word zaftig in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____.

A. fat B. healthy C. friendly D. polite

7. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that ____.

A. most large gym chains really don't want members to show up frequently

B. overweight people are often frustrated and pushed away by traditional gym industry

C. regular gyms don't accept overweight people to participate in their programs

D. overweight people have to pay extra to work out in a gym

8. What is the training goal in the gyms catering to overweight members?

A. To achieve functional fitness. B. To build six-pack abs.

C. To look like a fitness model. D To be able to run long distances.

9. As for the gyms catering to overweight members, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

A. The machines are designed for larger people.

B. Tinted windows are used to ensure extra privacy.

C. There are large mirrors on the walls.

D. The training goals are more realistic.

10 Which of the following is the title for the passage?

A. Improving Women's Self-confidence through exercises

B.The traditional Gym Industry Is Losing Its Customers

C.The fitness Industry is looking for New Directions

D.Specialized Gyms Disigned for Overweight People

6.题干：zaftig这个词与下列哪项意思最相近

解析：选择A.A：肥胖的，胖的。B：健康的。C：友好的。D：礼貌的。对于单词意思的推测，我们可以在单词所在句子以及前后句进行寻找，该句的前一句说的是健康、挥汗如雨的身材苗条会员，“他们瞪着我们，在心里评价着我们，谁能够忍受得了呢?”由此可以推断出，我们与这些人是不同的。因此选择A.

7.题干：我们可以从前两段推测出：

解析：选择B.A：大部分健身连锁店不希望他们的会员经常出现。这一句没有在文章中没有体现。C：普通的健身会所不接受超重的人参与他们的项目。在原文中，可以看出普通健身的人对他们的眼光，但是没有表明健身会所的态度。D：超重的人在健身房必须付出额外的工作。该项在前两段未体现。B项：超重的人在传统的健身房经常感到沮丧，有被排斥的感觉。这一项可以在第二段的第一句以及第一段中别人对他们的眼光找到答案。

8.题干：为满足超重会员，健身房的训练目标是什么?

解析：选择A.该题的答案可以从第四段第一句"Trainers recommend functional fitness as a practical goal, rather than six-pack abs (六块腹肌)."找到答案，训练的目标是功能性的，而不是为了六块腹肌。因此选择A.

9.题干：关于健身房满足超重会员，以下哪项不正确?

解析：选择C.从倒数第二段最后一句"Wider seats, more cushioning, no mirrors, and tinted(有色的)windows for privacy, are all important changes."可以看出，在墙上是没有镜子的，因为C项“在墙上有大镜子。”这个表述是错误的。

10.D

Since its founding in 1948, McDonald's has grown from a family burger(汉堡包)stand to a global fast-food chain, with more than 30,000 locations in 118 countries.

With 58 million daily customers worldwide, McDonald’s is now so ubiquitous around the globe that The Economist publishes a global ranking of currencies' purchasing power based on the prices charged at the local McDonald’s, called the Big Mac Index(巨无霸指数).That’s not to say that every nation carries the same menu items: choices vary widely depending on location. Some Asian locations serve fried shrimp in a Big Mac roll, while McDonald’s in India doesn’t serve beef at all, relying instead on burgers made from vegetables, rice and beans.

Not everyone in the world has been happy to greet Ronald McDonald when he moves to town. Many see McDonald's as a symbol of American economic and cultural chauvinism(沙文主义), and European nations in particular have viewed American-style fast food as an insult to their national food. A French farmer, Jose Bove, became something of a national hero in 1999 after he and a group of people destroyed a McDonald's under construction to protest globalization and "bad food." The next year, a bomb exploded in a French McDonald’s, killing a 27-year-old employee. (76) No one claimed responsibility.

But regardless of whether you like their food or their policies, McDonald’s is still widely seen as one of the true pioneers of peaceful globalization.

11. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE.

A. McDonald's was founded in 1948.

B. McDonald’s has opened its restaurants in every city of the world.

C. McDonald’s has over 30,000 locations in the world now.

D. McDonald’s was very small in scale in the beginning.

12. The word ubiquitous in Paragraph 2 is most likely to mean ____.

A. very crowded B. very dean

C. existing everywhere D. occurring frequently

13. From Paragraph 2, we can conclude that ____.

A. McDonald’s designs its menu to suit the local people

B. millions of young adults got their first job with McDonald’s

C. the McDonald’s menu sticks to old-fashioned favorites such as the Big Mac

D. the low prices McDonald’s bring tens of millions of people through its doors every day

14. What did Jose Bove and his people do in 1999 to protest against McDonald's?

A. They organized a strike.

B. They protested outside a McDonald’s.

C. They refused to go to a newly-built McDonald’s.

D. They destroyed a McDonald’s under construction.

15. In ____, an employee died in a fatal bomb attack on a McDonald’s restaurant in France.

A. 1998 B. 1999 C. 2000 D. 2001

答案：B C A D C

解析：

11. 题干：根据文章，以下哪个表述不正确?

解析：答案B.A项可从文章第一段第一句"Since its founding in 1948,"找到答案。C项可从第一段最后"with more than 30,000 locations in 118 countries."找到答案。D项可从第一段中找到答案，最初只是一个家庭汉堡包的货摊(stand)。只有B项“麦当劳已经在世界上每个城市建了餐厅”找不到依据。原文只是说麦当劳在全世界很普遍(ubiquitous)，不代表每个城市都有。

12. 题干：第二段"ubiquitous"一词最可能的意思是?

解析：答案C.从第二段可以看到，根据“每天有5800万顾客”，“《经济学人》杂志依据全世界当地的麦当劳购买力进行了排名，”等信息，可以猜测出这个词的意思是“普遍的”。

13. 题干：从第二段我们可以总结出。

解析：答案A.从第二段后半部分可以看出，"That's not to say that every nation carries the same menu items: choices vary widely depending on location."每个城市并不是都是一样的菜单，根据地区不同，选择也有差异。由此看出，选项中只有A“麦当劳设计菜单来满足当地人的需求。”适合题意。

14. 题干：Jose Bove 和他的人在1999年做了什么来反对麦当劳?

解析：答案D.由"A French farmer, Jose Bove, became something of a national hero in 1999 after he and a group of people destroyed a McDonald's under construction to protest globalization and "bad food"."这一句可以看出，他和他的人摧毁了一个在建的麦当劳店来反对全球化和糟糕食物。

15. 题干：在哪年，一位员工死在了发生在法国攻击麦当劳餐馆的致命爆炸袭击之中。

解析：该句中的时间没有直接在原文中体现，但是可以从相关时间顺序容易的推测出，"The next year, a bomb exploded in a French McDonald's, killing a 27-year-old employee."第二年发生了这件事情，由前面的事件(1999年)可以推测出，第二年便是2000年。

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