2020.3公共英语三级考试考前预测试题（阅读理解3）

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2020.3公共英语三级考试考前预测试题（阅读理解3）

Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in Eng-land beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth.

Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods,which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufac-ture products in less time.

People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass produced, though mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.

Once this was done, workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. In-stead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in cer-tain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today′ s standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production al-lowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.

But the skilled worker wasn′ t the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmers away. The increased mechanization(机械化) Of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer pos-sible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.

1.In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods? A.Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.

B.The increased exploitation of workers in the l9th century.

C.The increased use of machines to make products in less time.

D.The use of machines producing parts of the same standard.

2 The underlined word“this”in the first paragraph refers to__________.

A.the use of scientific findings

B.the practice of producing the same parts for a product

C.the human power being replaced by other forms of energy

D.the technology becoming the encouragement of historical change

3.The underlined word“this”in the second paragraph refers to the change that__________.

A.each nail could be taken the place of by every other nail

B.each nail was exactly like every other nail

C.producing tasks became smaller and smaller

D.goods could be mass produced

4.According to the writer，highly skilled workers__________.

A.completely disappeared with the coming of the factory system

B.were dismissed by the boss

C.were unable to produce goods of high standard

D.were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines

5.According to the passage，what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechaniza-fion of agriculture?

A.Many of them had to Ieave their farmland for industrial centers.

B.They stuck to their farm work.

C.They refused to use machines.

D.They did their best to learn how to use the machines.

"We are not about to enter the Information Age, but instead are rather well into it. " Present predictions are that by 1990, about thirty million jobs in the United States, or about thirty percent of the job market, will be computer-related. In 1980, only twenty-one percent of all American high schools owned one or two computers for student use. In the fall of 1985, a new study showed that half of United States secondary schools have fifteen or more computers for student use. And now educational experts, administrators, and even the general public are demanding that all students become "computer-literate". By the year 2000 knowledge of computers will be necessary in over eighty percent of all occupations. Soon those people not educated in computer use will be compared to those who are print-illiterate today.

What is "computer literacy" ? The term itself seems to imply some degree of "knowing" about computers, but knowing what? The present opinion seems to be that this should include a general knowledge of what computers are, plus a little of their history and something of how they operate.

Therefore, it is important that educators everywhere take a careful look not only at what is be-ing done, but also at what should be done in the field of computer education. Today most adults are able to use a motor car without the slightest knowledge of how the internal combustion engine(内燃机) works. We effectively use all types of electrical equipment without being able to tell theft histories or to explain how they work.

Business people for years have made good use of typewriters and adding machines, yet few have ever known how to repair them. Why, then, attempt to teach computers by teaching how or why they work?

Rather, we first must fix our mind on teaching the effective use of the computer as the tool is.

"Knowing how to use a computer is what′ s going to be important. We don′ t talk about ′ au-tomobile literacy′. We just get in our cars and drive them. "

6.In 1990, the number of jobs having nothing to do with computers in the United States will be reduced to__________.

A.79 million

B.100 million

C.30 million

D.70 million

7.The underlined part“print-illiterate”in the text refers to__________.

A.one who has never learnt printing

B.one who has never learnt to read

C.one who is not a computer literate

D.one who is not able to use a typewriter

8. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A.Recent predictions of computer-related jobs.

B.The wide of computers in schools.

C.The urgency of computers education.

D.Public interest in computers.

9. According to the author.the effective way to spread the use of computers is to teach__________.

A.how to use computers

B.what computers use

C.where computers can be used

D.how computers work

10. From the text，we can infer that__________.

A.computers will be easy to operate

B.automobile will be move comfortable

C.illiteracy rate will be down

D.computers will be set in automobiles

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