2020宁夏学位英语考试冲刺试题及答案（阅读理解1）

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2020年宁夏成人学位英语考试冲刺试题及答案（阅读理解1）

Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops, and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the "typical" Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life.What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.

Some say that France has been Americanized.This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics.They fear that“assembly-life”will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely( but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste the elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life — to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple,a stroll(散步)by the river,or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe?

Since the late 1950's life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush,tension,and the pursuit of material gain.Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students.They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.

In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world.They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences,and pleasures than that of the past.They believe that a modem,industrial France is preferable to the old.

1. Which of the following is Not related to the new French way of life?

A. Shorter lunch hour.

B. Greater output.

C. Creature comforts.

D. Leisurely cafe talk.

2.Which of the following is NOT true about Frenchmen?

A. Many of them prefer the modern life style.

B. They actually enjoy working at the assembly line.

C. They are more concerned with money than before.

D. They are more competitive than the older generation.

3.The passage suggests that ________.

A. in pursuing material gains the French are suffering losses elsewhere

B. it's now unlikely to see a Frenchman enjoying a stroll by the river

C. the French are fed up with the smell of freshly picked apples

D. great changes have occurred in the life style of all Frenchmen

4.Which of the following is true about the critics?

A. Critics are greater in number than people enjoying the new way of life.

B. Student critics are greater in number than critics in other fields.

C. Student critics have, on occasion, resorted to violent means against the trend.

D. Critics are concerned solely with the present and not the future.

5.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

A. Changes in French way of life.

B. Criticism of the new life style.

C. The Americanization of France.

D. Features of the new way of life.

A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement(新拓居地)spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation.By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.

The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental,system.In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land.Actural work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor,while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish labourers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah.Many visitors came there for the great occasion.There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.

The railroad was very important in encouraging Westward Movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.

6.The major problems with America's railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in _______.

A. lack of financial support for development

B. poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systems

C. limited railroad lines

D. lack of a transcontinental railroad

7.The building of the first transcontinental system ________.

A. brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the west.

B. attracted many visitors to the construction sites

C. attracted labourers from Europe

D. encouraged people to travel all over the country

8.The best title for this passage would be ________.

A. Settlements Spread Westward

B. The Importance of Railroads in the American Economy

C. American Railroad History

D. The Coast-to-Coast Railroad: A Vital Link

9.The construction of the transcontinental railroad took ________.

A. 3 years

B. 7 years

C. 4 years

D. 9 years

10.What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?

A. The possibility of government support for such a task.

B. The need to explore Utah.

C. The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.

D. The need to connect the east coast with the west.

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