2020宁夏学位英语考试冲刺试题及答案（阅读理解2）

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2020年宁夏成人学位英语考试冲刺试题及答案（阅读理解2）

Although marriage customs vary greatly from one culture to another, the importance of the institution is universally acknowledged. Infant marriage, prevalent in places such as India and Melanesia, is a result of concern for family, caste, and property alliances. Levirate, the custom by which a man might marry the wife of his deceased brother, was practiced chiefly by the ancient Hebrews, and designed to continue a family connection that was already established. Sororate, a custom which is still practiced in remote parts of the world, permits a man to marry one or more of his wife's sisters, usually if she has died or cannot have children. Monogamy(一夫一妻制), the union of one man and woman,is the prototype of human marriage and it's most widely accepted from, predominating also in societies in which other forms of marriage are accepted. All other forms of marriage are generally classed under polygamy.

In most societies,marriage is established through a contractual procedure, generally with some sort of religious sanction(核准). Most marriage are preceded by a betrothal period, during which various rituals, such as exchanges of gifts and visits, lead to the final wedding ceremony and make the claims of the partners public. In societies where arranged marriages still predominate, families must negotiate dowries(嫁妆), future living arrangements and other important matters before marriage can be arranged.

Because marriage arouses apprehension as well as joy,Hindus, Buddhists, and many other communities consult astrologers(占星家)before and after marriages are arranged to avoid unlucky times and places. In some countries,including Ethiopia, it was long customary to place an armed guard by the bridal couple during the wedding ceremony to protect them from demons(魔鬼). An exchange of rings or the joining of hands frequently represents the new bonds between the married couple, as in the United States and many other counties. Finally, the interest of the community is expressed in many ways, through feasting and dancing, the presence of witnesses, and the official sealing of marriage documents.

1.According to the passage,_______ is widespread in the whole world.

A. infant marriage

B. levirate

C. sororate

D. monogamy

2. It is still a universal practice______.

A. for a man to marry his sister-in-law

B. for newly married couples to wear disguises

C. for a man to marry one or more of his wife's sisters

D. for a couple to go through a certain contractual procedure to get married.

3.If a man has four wives, the marriage belongs to _______.

A. polygamy

B. levirate

C. sororate

D. monogamy

4.Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The bridal couple may ask a guard to stand before their house for one year to protect them.

B. The couple may exchange something before the marriage.

C. The two families may negotiate dowries before marriage.

D. The parents of the couple may visit each other.

5. Some couples consult astrologers before arranging their marriage because _______.

A. they want to avoid unlucky things

B. it's a very popular custom to observe

C. it's part of the ceremony to follow

D. they are told to do so

Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. "It's amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves," he says.

"Resumes(简历)arrive with stains.Some candidates don't bother to spell the company's name correctly.Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate," Crossley concludes. "If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?"

Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. "TO keep from losing the forest for the trees," says Charles Garfield,associate professor at the University of California,San Francisco, "we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we are working on fit into the larger picture. If they don't, we should drop them and move to something else."

Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA."The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time. "says Garfield."But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal.This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary. “Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.

Too often we believe what accounts for others' success is some special secret or a lucky break(机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.

6.According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected ________.

A. because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume

B. because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume

C. because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applications

D. because they eliminated their names from the applicants’ list themselves

7.The word “perfectionists” (Para. 3, Line 1) refers to those who ________.

A. demand others to get everything absolutely right

B. know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances

C. pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives

D. are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do

8.Which of the following is the author's advice to the reader?

A. Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked.

B. Don' t forget details when drawing pictures.

C. Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it.

D. Careless applicants are not to be trusted.

9.The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that _______.

A. minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives

B. failure is the mother of success

C. adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work

D. keeping one's goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked

10.The best title for this passage would be ________

A. Don't Be a Perfectionists

B. Importance of Adjustments

C. Details and Major Objectives

D. Hard Work Plus Good Luck

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