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  • 2020学位英语考试语法讲义:常用英语惯用语辨析

    来源:自考生学位网_xuewei.zikaosw.cn 时间:2020-03-13 10:36:21 编辑:cll

    以下“2020年成人学位英语考试语法讲义:常用英语惯用语辨析”由自考生学位网整理。更多复习可查看“学位英语考试复习资料”栏目。


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    2020年成人学位英语考试语法讲义:常用英语惯用语辨析

    (1)no standing与free-standing:

    no standing意思是不准在此停车(即使司机还在车上也不行),也就是"don't stop"或"no car at all",通常用在大城市交通十分拥挤的地方。至于"no parking",意思也是不准在此停车,但司机还可以坐在车里一段时间,必要时,可随时移动车子,也就是"you may stay in your car for a short period of time"。例如:

    In New York City there are many"no standing"signs posted on the streets.

    在纽约市,路上有许多"不准停车"的牌子。

    "No parking"signs sprang up around the school campus in America.

    美国校园里出现一些"不准停车"的路牌。

    但是free-standing(adj,in dividual or separate building for a specific purpose),意思是独立式的,多指为特别用途而盖的单独建筑物或指一大建筑物的某种装饰。例如:

    There is a new free-standing restaurant near the down town area.

    在市中心区附近有座新的独立餐馆。

    (2)break the house与 housebreak:

    housebreak(to train pets to live proper hygiene at home)是指训练狗、猫等宠物,使其能在指定的地点大、小便,以保持家里的卫生。例如:

    Pet owners should housebreak their dogs and cats.

    宠物主人应该训练狗猫的卫生习惯。

    但是"break the house"的意思是damage the house。例如:

    Accidentally, he broke the house by backing up his car.

    他倒车时,意外碰坏了房子。

    (3)kick off 与 tip off:

    kick off(officially start or beg in something)(有时也指球赛)意思是指任何事情的正式开始。例如:

    Our school has recently kicked off a mass fundraising campaign.

    我们学校最近发起一次大规模的筹款运动。

    但是,tip off(the beginning of official basketball game)虽然也指开始,不过多半是指篮球开赛前,裁判开球让两边球员争球。例如:

    The players tipped off the basketball game at 2:00 yesterday afternoon.

    篮球赛于昨天下午两点开始。

    to tip somebody off(to inform somebody)意思是通知某人。

    (4)in line与on the line:

    in line有许多意义,但最常见的意思是服从,不越轨,或按次序(obey,con trol or in the order)。例如:

    The government is trying to keep the price of gas in line.

    政府正设法控制汽油的价格。反之,out of line就是出格,不妥或举止不当。例如:

    His opinions are out of line with reality.

    他的意见是不合实际的。然而,(something)on the line意思又是"以某种事物为赌注或冒险"。例如:

    Many police have put their lives on the line.

    许多警察都冒着生命的危险。

    If you continue to be hostile toward me, our friendship will be on the line.

    假如你继续与我敌对,我们的友谊就有危险。

    on-line指自动化,电脑化。例如:

    All the libraries in the U.S.are on- line.美国所有图书馆都是电脑化。

    (5)gifted child与exceptional child:

    gifted child一般是指IQ很高的孩子;美国中、小学也有gifted and talented program(简称G and T program),现在也叫 magnet program。但是exceptional child是指特殊儿童,可能是指IQ很高,

    也可能指 low IQ,除非在句子里特别说明,否则一般老外倒认为是智商较低或retarded child。例如:

    There are many gifted children in her class.

    她班上有很多智商很高的孩子。

    注:美国政府对低能孩子的教育,反而十分重视,因为政府希望低能学生也能成为社会有用的份子。

    They can be more productive members of society.

    (6)block out与black out:

    to block out(to plan something ahead)意思是草拟大纲或订出某种计划。例如:

    Her boss prefers her to block out her annual vacation time.

    老板要她订出每年度假的时间。

    但是black out的意思,多半是指停电(no electricity)。例如:

    This block was blacked out for hours last night.

    这个街区昨晚停电几个小时。

    California has experienced many black-outs this year.

    今年加州多次停电。

    (7)off course与of course:

    off course(out of line or in a wrong direction ;not in the designated area)意思是偏离方向或越出指定的范围。例如:

    The ship was 200 international nautical miles off course.

    那船偏离航向200国际海里。

    反之,"on course"(right direction)就是正确方向。例如:

    President Bush is trying to put American economy on course.

    布什总统设法使美国经济走上正轨。

    但是"of course"意思是当然或自然(as a matter of fact)。例如:

    Of course, we will have turkey for Thanksgiving.

    感恩节我们当然要吃火鸡。

    They, of course, are excellent students in my class.

    他们当然是我班上最好的学生。

    (8)wanted poster与 want ad:

    wanted poster通常是指通缉公告。例如:

    I saw several FBI wanted posters in the city.

    我在城里看到几张联邦调查局的通缉布告。

    但是want ad多半是指报纸杂志刊登的人找事或事找人的广告。例如:

    If you need a job, check the want ads in the newspaper.

    He got a job through a newspaper want ad.

    他从报纸的广告里找到一份工作。

    至于,"help wanted"是指"需要帮手"(need a helper),而"job wanted"是指"需要工作"

    (need a job)。例如:

    I will put a help wanted ad in our local newspaper.

    我要在地方报纸上刊登广告找帮手。

    (9)to tidy up与to tie up:

    to tidy up意思是整理或清理(to clean up)。例如:

    He is tidying up his garage.(desk, car,etc.)

    他正在清理车库。

    至于"to tie up loose ends"(to finish up something)又是一个十分常用的短语,意思是收拾零碎东西或完成某事。例如:

    I have to tie up loose ends be fore immigrating to Canada.

    我移民到加拿大前,必须办完零碎事情。(诸如打行李包等)

    Prior to her retirement, she has to tie up loose ends.

    她在退休前必须办完一些零碎的事情。

    (10)Surgeon General与chief surgeon:

    Surgeon General是美国公共卫生部部长,也就是掌握美国三军、联邦、州政府大众健康的最高官员(chief medical officer for the U.S.public health services)(也许因为与美国军队有关,故用 "general")。例如:

    The Surgeon General was appointed by the President of the U.S..

    美国公共卫生部部长是由总统任命。

    但是,chief surgeon是指一般医院的手术室主任。

    Normally, the chief surgeon will perform the most delicate operations.

    通常手术室主任施行最复杂的手术。


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    以上“2020年成人学位英语考试语法讲义:常用英语惯用语辨析”由自考生学位网收集整理。

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