2020年山西成人学位英语考试阅读理解：通货膨胀

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2020年山西成人学位英语考试阅读理解：通货膨胀

Hyperinflation (极度通货膨胀) is defined as an economic condition during which there is a steep increase in prices. In accordance with the laws of economics， three factors combine to create this condition. First， demand must be much greater than the supply of available goods. Second， the country must continuously create and thereby build up an ever increasing supply of money. Third， the governmental processes that are used to collect taxes must be crippled. Let‘s imagine a country where production is barely accomplishing its goal to keep up with demand. When this happens， the government should decrease the salaries of the workers by raising taxes. But the government is powerless to collect the taxes， so it prints more money to compensate for(补偿)the goods it must purchase. This new money goes to the workers who produced the goods： as a result， the people are not forced to give up certain things for a while – they actually become richer. While this might appear to be a positive step， it is actually regressive. Every month the government is forced to print more and more money， thereby increasing its liabilities (债务) until it is destroyed. The only way to prevent total economic collapse in such a situation is for the government to increase taxes in a manner that is characterized by impartiality (公正) to everyone involved.

大意：主要是说明了经济的的宏观调控政策比如：调控市场供求关系。或是货币的发行来调节市场。

1. Which of the following might occur during hyperinflation?

A. A slight increase in prices.

B. Rapid growth of economy.

C. Decrease of workers‘ salary.

D. Soaring prices.

答案： Dwww.for68.com

解析： 细节题。文章的第一段的第1句increase in prices是物价飞涨的意思Soaring prices的意思和这是一样的。

2. The author states that during hyperinflation ___.

A. goods appear to be overabundant.

B. the country has to supply more money.

C. government may become richer by collecting more taxes.

D. people are forced to give up certain things

答案： B

解析： 细节题。问题是通货膨胀的时候应该用什么样的货币政策，Second， the country must continuously create and thereby build up an ever increasing supply of money可以知道这道题的答案。

3. The passage implies that ___.

A. hyperinflation is just a passing phase in the economic development.

B. people could benefit a lot from hyperinflation.

C. hyperinflation is used by a government to raise taxes.

D. hyperinflation may cause the downfall of a government.

答案： D

解析： 推论题。文章的第7句可以知道，当出现通货膨胀时候在税收和商品的补偿上政府要付出一定的代价。因而一定产生downfall下降的效应。

4. The word “regressive” probably means ___.

A. harmful.

B. negative.

C. going back.

D. progressive

答案： B

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